Duration of disease does not equally influence all aspects of quality of life in Parkinson’s disease

Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is negatively impacted in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD). For the specific components that comprise HRQoL, the relationship between clinical variables, such as disease duration, is not fully characterized. In this cross-sectional study (n = 302), self-reported HRQoL on the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) was evaluated as a global construct as well as individual subscale scores. HRQoL was compared in three groups: those within 5 years of diagnosis, those within 6–10 years of diagnosis, and those greater than 11 years since diagnosis. Non-parametric analyses revealed lower HRQoL with increasing disease duration when assessed as a global construct. However, when subscales were evaluated, difficulties with bodily discomfort and cognitive complaints were comparable in individuals in the 1–5 years and 6–10 year duration groups. Exploratory regression analyses suggested disease duration does explain unique variance in some subscales, even after controlling for Hoehn and Yahr stage and neuropsychiatric features. Our findings show that HRQoL domains in PD patients are affected differentially across the duration of the disease. Clinicians and researchers may need to tailor interventions intended to improve HRQoL at different domains as the disease progresses.     

Reconsidering the role of hypothermia in management of severe traumatic brain injury

Over the past two decades there has been considerable interest in the use of hypothermia in the management of severe traumatic brain injury. However despite promising experimental evidence, results from clinical studies have failed to demonstrate benefit. Indeed recent studies have shown a tendency to worse outcomes in those patients randomised to therapeutic hypothermia. In this narrative review the pathophysiological rationale behind hypothermia and the clinical evidence for efficacy are examined. There would still appear to be a role for hypothermia in the management of intractable intracranial hypertension. However optimising therapeutic time frames and better management of strategies for complications will be required if experimental evidence for neuroprotection is to be translated into clinical benefit.     

Prediction of early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation based on computed tomography radiomics nomogram

BackgroundEarly recurrence results in poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to explore the value of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics nomogram in predicting early recurrence of patients with HCC after LT.MethodsA cohort of 151 patients with HCC who underwent LT between December 2013 and July 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. A total of 1218 features were extracted from enhanced CT images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO) logistic regression was used for dimension reduction and radiomics signature building. The clinical model was constructed after the analysis of clinical factors, and the nomogram was constructed by introducing the radiomics signature into the clinical model. The predictive performance and clinical usefulness of the three models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively. Calibration curves were plotted to assess the calibration of the nomogram.ResultsThere were significant differences in radiomics signature among early recurrence patients and non-early recurrence patients in the training cohort (P < 0.001) and validation cohort (P < 0.001). The nomogram showed the best predictive performance, with the largest area under the ROC curve in the training (0.882) and validation (0.917) cohorts. Hosmer-Lemeshow testing confirmed that the nomogram showed good calibration in the training (P = 0.138) and validation (P = 0.396) cohorts. DCA showed if the threshold probability is within 0.06-1, the nomogram had better clinical usefulness than the clinical model.ConclusionsOur CT-based radiomics nomogram can preoperatively predict the risk of early recurrence in patients with HCC after LT.     

超声造影对经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗术治疗肝细胞癌患者效果的评价

目的探讨采用经肝动脉超声造影评价经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）术后即刻栓塞效果,并预测肿瘤短期疗效。 方法选取 2018 年 9 月至 2019 年 3 月在解放军总医院第一医学中心因肝肿瘤行 TACE 治疗的肝细胞癌患者 39 例,共 50 个肝细胞癌病灶术前及术后即刻行经肝动脉超声造影,依据术后与术前肿瘤内部增强最大面积占比及术后与术前引流区最大包围范围占比进行分组,采用Spearman相关分析将上述分组分别与TACE术后1~3个月内的 MRI 结果进行相关性分析。 结果术后即刻瘤内增强占比及术后引流区包围范围占比评价栓塞效果与实体瘤治疗疗效评价标准的修订标准（mRECIST）判断短期疗效结果均有相关性,其中术后引流区包围范围占比相关性更高（r=0.516,P＜0.001,r=0.716,P＜0.001）。 结论经肝动脉超声造影评估 TACE 术后即刻栓塞效果与mRECIST短期疗效评估标准具有较高的相关性,可为预测肿瘤术后短期疗效提供良好的影像学参考。     

Search for clinical predictors of good glycemic control in patients starting or intensifying oral hypoglycemic pharmacological therapy: A multicenter prospective cohort study

AimsOur aim was to search for clinical predictors of good glycemic control in patients starting or intensifying oral hypoglycemic pharmacological therapy.MethodsA multicenter, prospective cohort of 499 diabetic subjects was enrolled in this study: patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM group) or poor glycemic control with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) (PDM group). All subjects then started or intensified OADs therapy and followed up for 91 days. Glycemic control was determined according to HbA1c at day 91 with HbA1c <7% considered good.ResultsThe proportions of patients with good glycemic control after follow up for 91 days were 66.9% and 34.8% in NDM group and PDM group respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the change in GA at 28 days was the only predictor of good glycemic control in NDM patients (OR = 1.630, 95% CI 1.300–2.044, P < 0.001). In PDM patients, changes in GA at 28 days, CPI, baseline HbA1c, diabetic duration, and BMI were all independent predictors of good glycemic control (All P < 0.05).ConclusionsGA decline is a good predictor of future success in newly diagnosed patients. In patients intensifying therapy, beside GA decline, other individualized clinical characteristics should also be considered.     

儿童脑梗死临床及MRI表现

目的 观察儿童脑梗死的临床及MRI表现。方法 回顾性分析14例7个月~14岁脑梗死患儿临床及MRI资料,均接受头部常规MRI及弥散加权成像(DWI),11例同时接受MR血管造影(MRA),5例同时接受动脉自旋标记(ASL)灌注成像,观察其相关特点。结果 14例中,5例为先天性心脏病及脑动脉瘤术后,2例脑部外伤,2例颅内病毒感染,1例血管肌纤维发育不良,1例非特异性血管炎,3例病因不明;其中6例病变累及基底核区,4例累及单或双侧脑叶,小脑半球受累2例,脑桥及丘脑受累各1例。常规MRI中,14例病灶T1WI均呈稍低信号、T2WI呈稍高信号,1例基底核区及侧脑室旁梗死区见出血转化,2例液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列图像示病变周围脑沟内血管扩张;DWI中1例病灶呈低信号外,13例病灶呈高或稍高信号。11例接受MRA,其中6例未见异常、5例脑动脉(椎动脉、基底动脉、大脑后动脉、大脑中动脉、颈内动脉)闭塞或重度狭窄。5例急性及亚急性期患儿接受ASL检查,其中4例病变呈高灌注,1例病变中央呈低灌注、边缘呈高灌注。结论 先天性心脏病术后、脑部外伤及颅内感染是儿童脑梗死常见病因;基底核区及脑叶为儿童脑梗死好发部位,再灌注易见于急性及亚急性期梗死灶。     

影像学引导下不可逆电穿孔消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤专家共识(2022版)

不可逆电穿孔(IRE)为消融治疗肿瘤技术,尤其适用于特殊部位实体肿瘤,可不损伤血管及胆道等肿瘤周围结构,常用于消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤。近年来国内专家对于IRE消融治疗肝脏肿瘤已获得了成熟经验。为更好发挥IRE优势和规范临床操作、最大限度避免相关并发症,特召集国内相关专家讨论制定此共识,供临床参考。     

计算机X线摄影系统在床边胸部X线摄影中的应用价值

目的　通过对CR系统在床边胸部X线摄影中若干技术要素的研究 ,提高床边X线胸片质量。方法　①设置最佳的床边胸部曝光条件表和影像后处理技术参数表 ;②运用影像工作站窗宽 (s shift)、窗位 (c shift)实施对影像密度和对比度的调节。③运用谐调处理和空间频率处理技术实施影像细节的调节。结果　易于给定曝光条件 ,曝光剂量减少了18% ,10 0 %地保证了胸片的质量 ,废片率为零。结论　掌握好床边X线摄影和CR系统各项技术 ,有助于提高图像质量和胸部病变的检出率     

超声引导下穿刺活检在诊断女性盆腔占位性病变中的应用

目的分析超声引导下穿刺活检在女性盆腔占位性病变诊断中的应用价值。方法于超声引导下对95例女性盆腔包块患者进行组织学穿刺活检,将所获病理结果与术后病理结果进行比较。结果 95例中,89例获得明确的穿刺病理诊断(包括恶性肿瘤81例、良性病变8例),2例提示低分化癌但未获得病理分型,4例未获得病理结果。41例接受手术治疗,穿刺病理结果与手术病理结果符合率90.24%(37/41)。1例出现穿刺部位短时间明显疼痛,余无明显不良反应。结论超声引导下穿刺活检女性盆腔占位性病变方法简单、安全、准确,可适用于不适合手术、但又需要获得明确病理诊断结果的患者。     

自适应统计迭代重建技术算法在头颅CT扫描降低噪声中的对比分析

目的：分析不同的ASIR（自适应统计迭代重建技术）值在降低头部图像噪声中的价值。方法：采用型号为Discovery CT750 HD的宝石CT,对32例受检者进行头部扫描。扫描结束后在双侧侧脑室最大层面重建图像,FOV25cm、层厚5mm、间隔20mm,共5层,分别将ASIR值设定为0％、20％、40％、60％、80％、100％重建图像,窗宽为100HU、窗位为35HU。在一侧侧脑室内选取圆形感兴趣区,测量不同的ASIR值时侧脑室脑脊液的CT值与标准差,应用医学统计软件SPSS13对数据进行统计分析。结果：各组间侧脑室脑脊液的CT值标准差有明显的统计学差异,随ASIR百分比的增加,图像噪声水平明显降低。结论：提高ASIR值能够降低图像噪声。扫描时,采用较高ASIR值具有降低射线剂量的作用。